Social Reintegration Model For Juvenile Prisoners: An Indonesian Perspective

Kasmanto Rinaldi

Abstract


Juvenile recidivism poses significant challenges for society, as young offenders often cycle through crime due to negative environmental influences and lack of support. This study aims to explore effective rehabilitation strategies for juvenile recidivists in Pekanbaru, Indonesia. Data were collected through interviews with juvenile inmates, prison guards, and analyses of inmate files, guidance regulations, and annual reports. The findings indicate that a comprehensive coaching model, which includes rehabilitation, educational initiatives, social support, and legal education, significantly aids in the social reintegration of juvenile offenders. The study highlights the importance of tailored rehabilitation approaches that address the unique needs of juveniles compared to adult offenders. To enhance reintegration efforts, the author recommends implementing community-based support programs and increasing collaboration between juvenile justice systems and local organizations to provide ongoing assistance and mentorship for former inmates.

Keywords: Juvenile recidivism, recidivism, recidivist, recidivist coaching, social reintegration.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Ariyani, S. (2020). Analisis Yuridis Pembinaan Terhadap Residivis Anak Di Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak Kelas II Pekanbaru Tahun 2019. Univerisitas Islam Riau Pekanbaru.

Barrett, D. E., & Katsiyannis, A. (2015). Juvenile Delinquency Recidivism: Are Black and White Youth Vulnerable to The Same Risk Factors? Behavioral Disorders, 40(3). https://doi.org/10.17988/0198-7429-40.3.184

Berghuis, M. (2018). Reentry Programs for Adult Male Offender Recidivism and Reintegration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 62(14). https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X18778448

Carney, M. M., & Buttell, F. (2003). Reducing Juvenile Recidivism: Evaluating The Wraparound Services Model. Research on Social Work Practice, 13(5). https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731503253364

Davis, L., Bozick, R., Steele, J., Saunders, J., & Miles, J. (2017). Evaluating the Effectiveness of Correctional Education: A Meta-Analysis of Programs That Provide Education to Incarcerated Adults. In Evaluating the Effectiveness of Correctional Education: A Meta-Analysis of Programs That Provide Education to Incarcerated Adults. https://doi.org/10.7249/rr266

Davis, M., Sheidow, A. J., & McCart, M. R. (2015). Reducing Recidivism and Symptoms in Emerging Adults with Serious Mental Health Conditions and Justice System Involvement. Journal of Behavioral Health Services and Research, 42(2), 172–190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11414-014-9425-8

Fox, A. M., Miksicek, D., Veele, S., & Rogers, B. (2020). An Evaluation of Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Juveniles in Secure Residential Facilities. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 59(8), 478–502. https://doi.org/10.1080/10509674.2020.1808557

Goldson, B., Cunneen, C., Russell, S., Brown, D., Baldry, E., Schwartz, M., & Briggs, D. (2020). Youth justice and penality in comparative context. In Youth Justice and Penality in Comparative Context. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351242134

Guilherme, E. A., & Moreno, R. A. (2024). Mood Disorders Among Adolescents in Conflict With The Law and in Custody. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 31(1), 47–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2023.2175065

Heilbrun, K., Brock, W., Waite, D., Lanier, A., Schmid, M., Witte, G., Keeney, M., Westendorf, M., Buinavert, L., & Shumate, M. (2000). Risk factors for juvenile criminal recidivism: The postrelease community adjustment of juvenile offenders. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 27(3), 275–291. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854800027003001

Herz, D. C., Ryan, J. P., & Bilchik, S. (2010). Challenges Facing Crossover Youth: An Examination Of Juvenile-Justice Decision Making and Recidivism. Family Court Review, 48(2), 305–321. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-1617.2010.01312.x

Khan, T., Zakir, M. H., & Khan, S. H. (2023). Nurturing Rehabilitation and Reintegration of Youth Offenders in the Pakistani Justice System : An Analysis of Juvenile Probation Officers. Journal of Asian Development Studies, 12(4), 916–927. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.62345/jads.2023.12.4.72

Kury, H., Redo, S., & Shea, E. (2016). Women and children as victims and offenders: Background, prevention, reintegration. In Women and Children as Victims and Offenders: Background, Prevention, Reintegration. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08398-8

LaBerge, A., Cavanagh, C., & Cauffman, E. (2024). Juvenile Justice and Dual System Involved Youth: The Role of Primary Caregiver Monitoring Habits on Juvenile Recidivism. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 61(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/00224278221132546

Lee, W., Noh, K., Lee, S. H., & Lee, C. B. (2019). Responsibility and Recidivism: An Event History Analysis of South Korean Juvenile Cases. Children and Youth Services Review, 98, 154–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.12.003

Martinez, D. J., & Abrams, L. S. (2013). Informal Social Support Among Returning Young Offenders: A Metasynthesis of The Literature. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 57(2), 169–190. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X11428203

Mathur, S. R., & Clark, H. G. (2014). Community Engagement for Reentry Success of Youth from Juvenile Justice: Challenges and Opportunities. Education and Treatment of Children, 37(4), 713–734. https://doi.org/10.1353/etc.2014.0034

McReynolds, L. S., Schwalbe, C. S., & Wasserman, G. A. (2010). The Contribution of Psychiatric Disorder to Juvenile Recidivism. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 37(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854809354961

Menon, S. E., & Cheung, M. (2018). Desistance-Focused Treatment and Asset-Based Programming for Juvenile Offender Reintegration: A Review of Research Evidence. In Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-018-0542-8

Mitra, A. (2022). Developing Transitional Justice for Youth: An Assessment of Youth Reintegration Programmes in Colombia. International Journal of Transitional Justice, 16(1), 82–100. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijtj/ijab038

Narvey, C., Yang, J., Wolff, K. T., Baglivio, M., & Piquero, A. R. (2021). The Interrelationship Between Empathy and Adverse Childhood Experiences and Their Impact on Juvenile Recidivism. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204020939647

Nemoyer, A., Gale-Bentz, E., Durham, K., Wagage, S., & Goldstein, N. E. S. (2020). Adverse Juvenile Probation Supervision Outcomes: Noncompliance, Revocation, and Failure to Appear at Review Hearings. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 47(2), 145–165. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854819889077

Novo-Corti, I., & Barreiro-Gen, M. (2015). Walking From Imprisonment Towards True Social Integration: Getting a Job as a Key Factor. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 54(6), 445–464. https://doi.org/10.1080/10509674.2015.1055036

Olsson, T. M., Långström, N., Skoog, T., Andrée Löfholm, C., Leander, L., Brolund, A., Ringborg, A., Nykänen, P., Syversson, A., & Sundell, K. (2021). Systematic Review and Meta Analysis of Noninstitutional Psychosocial Interventions to Prevent Juvenile Criminal Recidivism. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 89(6), 514–527. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000652

Pappas, L. N., & Dent, A. L. (2023). The 40-Year Debate: A Meta-Review on What Works For Juvenile Offenders. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 19(1), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-021-09472-z

Powell, Z. A., Craig, J. M., Piquero, A. R., Baglivio, M. T., & Epps, N. (2021). Delinquent Youth Concentration and Juvenile Recidivism. Deviant Behavior, 42(7), 821–836. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2019.1701622

Prayitno, K. P., Oktobrian, D., & Barkhuizen, J. (2023). Addressing Prison Education and the Obstacles in Ensuring the Right to Education in Indonesian Juvenile Correctional Facilities. Journal of Southeast Asian Human Rights, 7(2), 123–153. https://doi.org/10.19184/jseahr.v7i2.42656

Sbeglia, C., Simmons, C., Icenogle, G., Levick, M., Peniche, M., Beardslee, J., & Cauffman, E. (2024). Life after life: Recidivism Among Individuals Formerly Sentenced to Mandatory Juvenile Life Without Parole. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 2023, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12989

Smithson, H., & Jones, A. (2021). Co-Creating Youth Justice Practice With Young People: Tackling Power Dynamics and Enabling Transformative Action. Children and Society, 35(1), 348–362. https://doi.org/10.1111/chso.12441

Snehil, G., & Sagar, R. (2020). Juvenile Justice System, Juvenile Mental Health, and The Role Of Mhps: Challenges and Opportunities. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 42(3), 304–310. https://doi.org/10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_82_20

Steiner, B., & Wright, E. (2006). Assessing The Relative Effects of State Direct File Waiver Laws on Violent Juvenile Crime: Deterrence or Irrelevance? Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 96(4), 1451–1478. https://doi.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4653-3596

Strnadová, I., Cumming, T. M., & O’Neill, S. C. (2017). Young People Transitioning from Juvenile Justice to the Community: Transition Planning and Interagency Collaboration. Current Issues in Criminal Justice, 29(1), 19–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/10345329.2017.12036083

Trang, N. M., & Khoi, P. M. (2023). Difficulties in Reintergration of Young Ex-Offenders. International Journal of Education and Social Science Research, 06(04), 353–369. https://doi.org/10.37500/IJESSR.2023.6425

Tuncer, A. E., Erdem, G., & de Ruiter, C. (2020). The Impact of a Brief RNR-Based Training on Turkish Juvenile Probation Officers’ Punitive and Rehabilitative Attitudes and Recidivism Risk Perceptions. Journal of Community Psychology, 48(3), 921–931. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22310

Van der Stouwe, T., Asscher, J. J., Hoeve, M., van der Laan, P. H., & Stams, G. J. J. M. (2019). Follow-up of a Social Skills Training (SST) for Juvenile Delinquents: Effects on Reoffending. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 23, 243–252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-018-9340-8

Vooren, M., Rud, I., Cornelisz, I., Van Klaveren, C., Groot, W., & Maassen van den Brink, H. (2023). The Effects of a Restorative Justice Programme (Halt) on Educational Outcomes and Recidivism of Young People. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 19(2), 691–711. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-022-09502-4

Vuk, M., Applegate, B. K., Ouellette, H. M., Bolin, R. M., & Aizpurua, E. (2020). The Pragmatic Public? The Impact of Practical Concerns on Support for Punitive and Rehabilitative Prison Policies. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 45(2), 273–292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-019-09507-2

Walker, S. C., & Herting, J. R. (2020). The Impact of Pretrial Juvenile Detention on 12-Month Recidivism: A Matched Comparison Study. Crime and Delinquency, 66(13–14). https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128720926115

Wasserman, G. A., Elkington, K. S., Robson, G., & Taxman, F. (2021). Bridging Juvenile Justice And Behavioral Health Systems: Development of a Clinical Pathways Approach to Connect Youth at Risk for Suicidal Behavior to Care. Health & Justice, 9(1), 36. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40352-021-00164-4

Yohros, A. (2023). Examining the Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Juvenile Recidivism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 24(3), 1640–1655. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380211073846

Young, B., & Turanovic, J. J. (2022). What About the Kids? Examining the Visitation-Recidivism Relationship Among Incarcerated Juveniles. Youth and Society, 54(7). https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X211036724

Zajac, K., Sheidow, A. J., & Davis, M. (2015). Juvenile Justice, Mental Health, and The Transition to Adulthood: A Review of Service System Involvement and Unmet Needs in The U.S. Children and Youth Services Review, 56(1), 139–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.07.014

Zettler, H. R. (2021). Much to Do About Trauma: A Systematic Review of Existing Trauma-Informed Treatments on Youth Violence and Recidivism. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204020939645




DOI: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2024.24.3.3875

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.